Since the beginning of the last century, Walt Disney introduced 12 principles that are essential in the creation of an animated video. These principles are not always used, and many masterful moments have been created in animated films without adhering to these principles. However, these principles serve as inspiration for both amateur and professional animators.
Stretch en squatch
The objective here is to give a drawn figure weight and volume. Let's take a ball as an example. When this ball is thrown and suspended in the air, it is round. Once it hits the ground, it becomes visibly oval. As the ball bounces away, it maintains a slightly oval shape before returning to a round form. By representing this, the impression is created that the ball is flexible.
Anticipation
For viewers, it should be noticeable that a movement is being prepared. This makes the motion more realistic and easier for the viewer to comprehend. Frequently, the preparatory movement is precisely in the opposite direction to the actual movement.
The Story (or Storytelling)
The principle behind the animation piece should be presented in a clear and accurate manner. In practice, this means paying close attention to the posture and action of a character. Effective use of close-ups and medium to wide shots is essential. The camera must be used at the correct angle and position, and the use of light and shadow should be executed well.
Direction
This principle is based on composition, similar to what is used in film and theater. It involves the process of selecting, designing, and arranging the space where filming takes place, as well as organizing the movement of the actors.
The Look
Without careful attention to the overall look and feel of your animation, it's impossible to bring it together. When involving different artists, there needs to be a unifying style to the character and world design. The artwork must be top-notch to maintain consistent quality, and the characters should move seamlessly despite the limitations of the involved artists.
